Effects of Hypoglycaemic Agents on Malondialdehyde, Glycated Haemoglobin, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending Specialist Hospital, Sokoto

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by abnormal Glucose metabolism which results from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action or both. Diabetic Hyperglycaemia triggers glucose autooxidation leading to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) release with subsequent molecular and cellular cytotoxicity. Antidiabetic medications inhibits the effects of ROS on cellular and tissues.

Aim: Was to determine the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde and glycated haemoglobin in Type 2 diabetic patients on oral antihyperglycaemic agents.

Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects were recruited for the study, the subjects were grouped into 3, Non-DM (apparently healthy, N=50), DM not yet on medication (N=50) and DM on Medication (either Metformin or Daonil, N=50). Patients were asks to fasts, Blood sample were collected for FBG, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycated haemoglobin (HBA1c), MDA and antioxidants. Plain container was used for TAC, MDA and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid was used for glycated haemoglobin, while fluoride Oxalate was used for Fasting Blood Glucose samples. Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, glucose and HBA1c were analyzed using standard methods. Results generated after laboratory analysis of samples were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results were expressed as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean, P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant while P Value greater than 0.05 was considered not significant.

Results: The results of the present study showed a significantly higher FBG and HBA1c, between Non-DM and DM not on Medication group (P<0.001). When compared between Non-DM and DM on Medication Glycated Haemoglobin levels were significantly higher. When compared between DM on Medication and DM not on Medication groups no significant differences were observed in Glycated Haemoglobin (P>0.05) with a significantly higher Fasting Blood Glucose levels in DM not on Medication than DM on Medication  (P<0.001). Equally, when levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Malondialdehyde were compared between Non-DM and DM not on Medication groups, a statistically significant difference was observed (P<0.001), same was observed, when Non-DM were compared with DM on Medication same was seen (P<0.001). 

Conclusion: Oral antidiabetic medications reduces hyperglycaemia and abolishes free radical production with MDA reduction while improving TAC in diabetic patients